USING C IN SOFTWARE DESIGN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface
Part I
CHAPTER 0  SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES	1
CHAPTER 1  ELEMENTARY PROGRAMMING IN C	3
1.1 History of the C Programming Language	3
1.2 What Is C?	4
1.3  Structure of a Single Unit C Program	5
1.4 Elementary Data Types in C	9
1.5 Output with printf and putchar	12
1.6 Input with scanf and getchar	18
1.7 Constants in C Programs	24
1.8 Documentation and Commenting of C Programs	25
Summary of Chapter 1	26
Exercises	27
CHAPTER 2  CONTROL OF C PROGRAMS	31
2.1 Iteration in C - The for-loop	31
2.2 Iteration in C - The while-loop	35
2.3 Iteration in C - The do-while-loop	39
2.4 Reading an Input Stream with a while-loop	40
2.5 Branching in C - The if and if-else Statements	44
2.6 Branching in C - The switch Statement	50
2.7 The Comma Operator	55
2.8  Processing of an Input stream - An Example	56
Summary of Chapter 2	58
Exercises	59
CHAPTER 3  ARITHMETIC AND OTHER OPERATIONS IN C	63
3.1  Integer Arithmetic	63
3.2 Floating Point and Double-Precision Arithmetic	69
3.3 Precedence of Operations	74
3.4  Reading from Files (Optional)	78
3.5 A Design Project	79
Summary of Chapter 3	80
Exercises	81
CHAPTER 4  FUNCTIONS IN C - ELEMENTARY PROGRAM STRUCTURE	89
4.1 Functions	89
4.2 Passing of Parameters	95
4.3 Storage Classes - Automatic, Static, Extern, Register, and Void	100
4.4 Scope Rules for Functions in a Single Source File	103
4.5 The Type of a Function - Default Types and External Declarations	106
4.6  Type Checking by the C Compiler and lint	111
4.7  The C Preprocessor	113
4.8  Recursion	116
4.9 Library Functions	121
4.10 Software Engineering Project - Requirements	125
4.11 Software Engineering Project - the Next Prototype	128
Summary of Chapter 4	140
Exercises	141
CHAPTER 5  ARRAYS	147
5.1 One-dimensional Arrays of Fixed Size	147
5.2 One-dimensional Arrays of Variable Size	160
5.3  Character Strings	165
5.4 Printf Revisited	168
5.5 Interfacing with the Command Line - Parameters to main()	171
5.6 Two-dimensional Arrays in C	174
5.7  Reading from Files	179
5.8 Recursion Removal (Optional)	181
5.9 Software Engineering Project - Changed Requirements	184
5.10   Software Engineering Project - The Next Prototype	186
Summary of Chapter 5	199
Exercises	200
CHAPTER 6  SUMMARY OF PART I	207
6.1  A Case Study	207
6.2  What You Should Be Able to Do	208
6.3  What You Will Learn in Part II	209
Exercises	210
Part II
CHAPTER 7  ADVANCED PROGRAM STRUCTURE	211
7.1 Separate Compilation	213
7.2 The make Utility	217
7.3 The Use of make and Projects in Turbo C	220
7.4 Scope Rules for Programs in Several Source Files	220
7.5 Advanced Documentation and Commenting of C Programs	225
7.6 Libraries	227
7.7 Software Engineering Project - Changed Requirements	229
7.8 Software Engineering Project - The Next Prototype	230
Summary of Chapter 7	232
Exercises	232
CHAPTER 8  POINTERS	235
8.1 Definition of a Pointer	235
8.2 Pointers and Arrays	244
8.3 Pointer Arithmetic	249
8.4 Storage Access - a Case History	256
8.5 lint Revisited	259
8.6 Character Strings Revisited - Pointers and Termination Bytes	260
8.7 Pointers to Functions	262
8.8 Passing Parameters by Reference	272
8.9 Functions with a Variable Number of Arguments	274
8.10 Software Engineering Project - Changed Requirements	277
8.11 Software Engineering Project - The Next Prototype	283
Summary of Chapter 8	285
Exercises	286
CHAPTER 9  STRUCTURED DATA TYPES	297
9.1 Structs	297
9.2 Some Data Structures in C - Lists and Trees	307
9.3 Additional Data Structures in C - Queues	319
9.4 User-defined Data Types and typedef	324
9.5  Unions	334
9.6 Advanced Bit Operations - Fields	343
9.7 Software Engineering Project - Changed Requirements	345
9.8 Software Engineering Project - The Next Prototype	345
Summary of Chapter 9	346
Exercises	348
CHAPTER 10  ADVANCED INPUT AND OUTPUT	353
10.1 File Input and Output in C	353
10.2 General I/O Functions	364
10.3 File Input and Output in C - UNIX Operating System Version	370
10.4 Software Engineering Project - Changed Requirements	377
10.5   Software Engineering Project - The Next Prototype	377
Summary of Chapter 10	379
Exercises	380
CHAPTER 11  BIT OPERATIONS	383
11.1 Why Bit Operations Are Sometimes Necessary	384
11.2 Elementary Bit Operations	389
11.3 Software Engineering Project - Changed Requirements	397
11.4 Software Engineering Project - The Next Prototype	398
Summary of Chapter 11	399
Exercises	399
CHAPTER 12  TOWARDS C++	403
12.1 C and C++ Solutions to a Simple Problem	403
12.2 Discussion	412
Summary of Chapter 12	413
Exercises	413
APPENDIX 1  RESERVED WORDS IN C	415
APPENDIX 2  THE C STANDARD LIBRARY AND OTHER LIBARRIES	416
APPENDIX 3  SYNTAX SUMMARY	427
APPENDIX 4  A TYPICAL  ctype.h FILE	433
APPENDIX 5 PRECEDENCE OF OPERATIONS	434
APPENDIX 6 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ANSI STANDARD C AND KERNIGHAN & RITCHIE C	436
APPENDIX 7  LIST OF TRADEMARKS	440
REFERENCES	441
INDEX	442