SOFTWARE REUSE: METHODS, MODELS, COSTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS SOFTWARE REUSE?	1
1.1 Origins of Software Reuse	3
1.2 Reuse and the Software Life Cycle	5
1.3 Software Reuse, Rapid Prototyping, and Evolving Systems	14
1.4 Typical Duties of Members of a Reuse Team	15
1.5 Reengineering and Reuse	17
1.6 Library Issues	20
1.7 Potential Disadvantages of Reuse	21
1.8 Legal and Contractual Issues with Software Reuse	24
1.9 The Current Status of Software Reuse	27
Summary	32
Further Reading	33
Exercises	34
CHAPTER 2 TECHNIQUES	37
2.1 Domain Analysis	37
2.2 An Example - Domain Analysis of the Linux Operating System	41
2.3 Domain Analysis Revisited	51
2.4 Object-Oriented Approaches	54
2.5 Standard Interfaces	61
2.6 Designing for Reuse	65
2.7 Using Reuse to Drive Requirements Analysis	68
2.8 Metrics for Reuse	71
Summary	79
Further Reading	80
Exercises	81
CHAPTER 3 REUSE LIBRARIES	83
3.1 General Reuse Library Issues	84
3.2 Organizational Issues for Reuse Libraries	88
3.3 Managerial Issues for Reuse Libraries	92
3.4 Research Issues in Reuse Library Organization	96
3.5 Reuse Libraries for Ada Software	96
3.5.1 The Public Ada Library	97
3.5.2 The Ada Software Repository	97
3.5.3 The STARS and CARDS Programs	98
3.5.4 The Asset Program	99
3.5.5 Other Sources	100
3.6 Reuse Libraries for C++ Language Software	101
3.7 Reuse Libraries for C Language Software	107
3.8 Reuse Libraries for Higher Level Language Software	110
Summary	112
Further Reading	113
Exercises	113
CHAPTER 4 CERTIFICATION OF REUSABLE SOFTWARE COMPONENTS	115
4.1 The Need for Certification	116
4.2 The Difference Between Certification and Testing	118
4.3 Suggested Standards and Practices for Certification of Software Artifacts	122
4.3.1 Code Certification	123
4.3.2 Requirements Certification	125
4.3.3 Design Certification	126
4.3.4 Test Plan and Test Results Certification	127
4.3.5 Documentation Certification	128
4.3.6 System Certification	129
4.4 The Role of Metrics	130
4.5 An Overview of Software Reliability	133
4.6 Certification, Testing, and Reliability Modelling	139
4.7 Certification of Potentially Reusable Software Components is not Always Necessary 	143
Summary	145
Further Reading	146
Exercises	147
CHAPTER 5 THE ECONOMICS OF SOFTWARE REUSE	149
5.1 Life Cycle Leverage	152
5.2 Cost Models for Reuse Using the Classic Waterfall Life Cycle	154
5.2.1 Reuse in the Requirements or Specification Phase	156
5.2.3 Reuse in the Design phase	159
5.2.3 Reuse in the Coding phase	161
5.2.4 Reuse in the Testing and Integration phase	164
5.2.5 Reuse in the Maintenance phase	166
5.3 A Cost Model for Reuse Using the Rapid Prototyping Model	166
5.4 A Cost Model for Reuse for a System Developed Using the Spiral Model	170
5.5 A Cost Model for Reuse for a System Using Only COTS	173
5.6 Other Reuse-Based Cost Estimation Models	177
5.7 Estimation of Other Resources in Reuse-based Environments	179
5.8 The Economic Reuse Quantity	180
Summary	183
Further Reading	185
Exercises	185
CHAPTER 6 REENGINEERING	187
6.1 Program Translation	188
6.2  An example of semantic reasoning in reengineering	190
6.3 Transitioning to an Object-Oriented System	198
6.4 Specifications for a File System Simulation	199
6.5 Procedurally-based System Design	203
6.6 Implementation Details for a Procedurally-based Disk Simulation	212
6.7 Source Code for Procedural System (Optional)	225
6.7 Reengineering a Procedurally-based System into an Object-Oriented One	236
6.8 An Object-Oriented Disk Simulation Program	238
6.9 Source Code for an Object-Oriented Solution	238
6.10 Comparison of Object-Oriented and Procedural Solutions	250
Summary	251
Further Reading	251
Exercises	252
CHAPTER 7 CASE STUDIES	255
7.1 Some Reuse Activities at NASA	255
7.1.1 Introduction	256
7.1.2 Methodology Used for the Collection of Metrics Data	259
7.1.3 Results	261
7.1.4 Recommendations	268
7.2 Some Reuse Activities at AT&T	270
7.3 Some Reuse Activities at Battelle Laboratory	274
7.4 Some Reuse Activities at Hewlett-Packard	276
7.5 A Hypothetical Failed Software Reuse Program	280
Summary	281
Further Reading	282
Exercises	282
CHAPTER 8 TOOLS FOR SOFTWARE REUSE	283
8.1 The InQuisiX System of Reuse Tools	283
8.2 A Simple Text-Based System	288
8.3 The AT&T BaseWorX Application Platform	291
8.4 A Knowledge-Based Tool for Reuse	295
8.5 Issues with Network-based Tools for Software Reuse	298
Summary	298
Further Reading	299
Exercises	300
REFERENCES	301
Appendix 1 Metrics	325
Appendix 2 Sources	335
Appendix 3 Glossary	345
Appendix 4 Suggested Term Projects	347
Appendix 5  Checklist for Software Reuse in a Changing Environment	351