�1960s �cognitive
revolution�: information-processing psychology
replaced prevailing orthodoxy of behaviorism
�Requires scientific
theories of internal activities of the brain
�What level of
abstraction? �knowledge� or �circuits�
�How to validate?
Requires:
�Predicting and testing
behavior of human subjects (top-down)
�Direct
identification from neurological date (bottom-up)
�Both approaches
(roughly, Cognitive Science and Cognitive
Neuroscience) are now distinct from AI